Correlation between age of sheep and structural changes of sheep hydatid cyst

Naturally, the prevalence of hydatid cyst of sheep increase with age and accompany with structural changes. The aim of the present study was to determine prevalence of hydatid cyst in sheep and its structure with age. During 2009, 786 sheep in different age groups [1 to 6" |years] slaughtered at Babol abattoir, Mazanderan province were examined for hydatid cyst infection through visual examination, palpation and slicing the infected organs into pieces. The number of cysts was counted and their mean volume, diameter, and number of protoscoleces in different age groups were determined. Our findings showed the overall prevalence rate of infection 35.2%. There was a significant relation between age and considered parameters [p<0.01]. The viability of fertile cysts was 63-85%. The majority of cysts were detected through visual examination [86.4%] and the rest by palpation [8.5%] and slicing [5.1%]. Meanwhile 96% of protoscoleces were found in sheep older then 4 years of age. Old sheep are less productive, higher food consumers and harbor higher number of hydatid cysts. Therefore it can be assumed that using an accurate method for detection of infected sheep in the herd, and culling and slaughtering old infected sheep is a rather cheap and effective means to reduce the infection without losing a high proportion of sheep population

[ first survey on the status of bovine immunudeficiency virus infection and associated clinical, pathological, haematological and flow cytometric findings in Holestein cattle in Iran]

Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus is a Lentivirus which can cause varieties of infectious complications and induce remarkable losses to dairy industry. Considering to the probability of worldwide distribution of the BIV infection, this study was conducted for the first time in Iran to determine of the status of BIV infection in the Holstein cattle and evaluate the associated findings. According to the results of the Nested-PCR method in this study, 16.2% of 197 slaughtered Holstein cattle in Meysam abattoir of Tehran were infective with BIV. Sequencing of the amplicons obtained from PBLs of the cattle using gag-specific primers revealed that there was 98.7-98.9% homology between this field strain and reference sequences of BIV. The infection rate of cattle with enlarged heamal nodes was higher than the animals without these lesions [0.01

[Effect of zataria multifloraboiss essential oil on the growth of bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 in a commercial barley soup]

The growing interest in substitution of chemical food preservatives by naturalones has fostered researchs on plantessentiak oils and extracts. In this study effect of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential oil [0, 0.005, 0.015 and 0.03%] on Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, [10[3]cfu /ml], was evaluated using sterilized samples [16 bottles containing 80 ml barley soup] and 4 different incubating temperatures [8, 10, 15 and 25°C] during 21 days. Data analysis was done using two way ANOVA. It was found that effect of different concentrations of essential oil on growth rate of Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 was statistically significant [p<0.01]. The results suggested that Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil can be considered as a natural preservative in some foods

[ abattoir survey on prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis virus infection and associated clinical, haematological and flow cytometric findings in holestein cattle in Tehran]

Bovine leukosis virus [BLV] is a retrovirus that primarily affects lymphoid tissue of cattle. To determine the seroprevalence of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Virus infection and its effects on some clinical, hematological and flow cytometric indications, this study was conducted on 197 Holstein cattle slaughtered in an abattoir in Tehran province. ELISA gp5 1 test of the obtained serums of the animals showed that the mean of infection rates was 22.3%. Age arrangement of the relative frequencies of the infection showed a significant correlation between EBLV infection and age increasing [0.001

[Effects of zataria multiflora boiss. essential oil on aspergillus flavus]

Molds are important spoiler of food material and have potential of mycotoxin production. The adverse side effects of chemical preservatives have caused that research focused on use of naturally occurring compound, especially essential oils [EOs], for inhibition of mold growth. Essential oils are natural compounds containing terpenic mixtures that have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Zataria multifloro Boiss., a domestic aromatic plant of Iran, has different effect such as antispasmodic and antibacterial. In this study effect of Z. multiflora Boiss. Essential oil on growth and spore production by Aspergillus flavus and its morphological alteration action were investigated. After extraction of essential oil with steam distillation method, it was analyzed by GC-MS. Evaluation of essential oil effect on growth and spore production carried out by agar dilution method. For SEM evaluation, mold cultured on PDA was fixed with osmium tetroxide and blocks of agar were coated with gold and observed by scanning electron microscope. Effect of EO on growth and spore production by A. flavus was significant in all concentrations studied. MIC and MFC values were 400 and 1000 ppm, respectively. SEM analysis showed excessive sporulation of mold culture in absence of EO while sporulation of culture containing EO was very sparse. Morphological changes such as irregular surface with many folds and distortion of hyphae were seen in cultures treated with EO. Inhibitory effect of Z. multiflora Boiss. Essential oil demonstrated in this study candidate this EO as a substitution of chemical preservatives

[Study on effects of Cassia Angustifolia vahl. syrup on liver and kidney of rat by analysis of biochemical factors]

Cassia Angustifolia Extract [CA] has indication as a colon irritant. For rapid and full action of this extract or their derivatives need to high dosage of them. CA can have toxic effects on different organ of body, therefore it is necessary to study effects of them on liver and kidney. In this study effect of Cassia Angustifolia syrup on liver and kidney of rat were assigned by analysis of biochemical factors which related to these organs. 40 rats randomly divided in two groups with 20 members. First group was received 0.9 mi/kg CA containg of 1.85 mg CA extract in 30ml sterile water. Second group was received only 30ml sterile water. After 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours blood samples were taken from these groups and then analysis of biochemical factors related to liver and kidney activity were done. Also, the clinical conditions were recorded four times a day. diarrhea as a clinical condition showed only in the first group during 72 hours. 1 hour after receiving CA or water in both groups the ALP, ALT and AST showed no changes but after 24, 48 and 72 hours these factors showed significant differences between two groups. There were no significant differences between bilirubin levels after 24 hours in both groups but there were after 48 and 72 hours. There were no significant differences in levels of nitrogen urea during 72 hours. Considering to significant changes showed by statistical analysis of biochemical factors which results in two groups after study and also due to no significant changes in clinical condition, We suggest more study about effects of CA is necessary

[ survery on frequency of foot-and-mouth disease virus carriers of slaughtered cattle in Zyaran abattoir]

To determine frequency of FMDV carriers in slaughtered cattle at Zyaran abattoir. Cross-sectional study. Three hundred and one tonsils of clinically normal cattle. All of tonsils were tested for determination of FMDV genome using RT-PCR. Then, 30 samples were cultured on MDBK. 20 samples had positive findings in RT-PCR test. Based on sex, age and breed of cattle, RT-PCR results compared with Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test. McNemar test was used for comparing of virus culture results with RT-PCR. Ninety nine samples were positive in RT-PCR. Relative frequency of FMDV genome presence in tonsils of clinically normal cattle had a significant difference based on sex and breed. The Sistani and Holstein bred had the highest and the lowest relative frequency, respectively samples on cell serotype O of culture were FmDV. One positive sample [Asia 1] Two positive sample[Asia1] was shown by ELISA. Total relative frequency of positive FMDV genome [32.9%] indicates the extensive exposure to FMDV. Breed variation among Sistani cattle [as a variety of Bos indicus] and other bred should be studied in a controlled condition

[Study on effects of oral administrating of silybum marianum [L.] gaertn. extract [silymarin] on biochemical factors and tissue changes caused by aflatoxin in broiler chickens]

In poultry industry the most common and important mycotoxin is aflatoxin, and decreasing its economical and sanitary damages by using effective and inexpensive substances is the target of most of the researchers. Since the pathologic effects of aflatoxin toxicity are more important in liver, kidney and muscles, and due to the mechanism of formation of the damages and also taking in to account the other studies on silymarin effects [extract of Silybum marianum] in preventing various liver and kidney diseases, the silymarin effects reviewed on preventing the losses caused by aflatoxin due to the poultry breeding farms conditions in Iran. In this study 56 one-day chicken, divided in to 4 groups, each group contains 14 chickens. First group were feed with normal allotment, second group with normal allotment with added 1 mg/Kg aflatoxin, third group with normal allotment with 800 mg silymarin per kg body weight and with added 1 mg/Kg aflatoxin, and after 42 days biochemical, autopsy and histopathology surveys have been done on the samples. According to the reviewed data and comparing the results of studied groups, silymarin can be recommended for decreasing the damages caused by aflatoxin during the period of breeding broiler chickens

Study on effects of topical use of Silybum marianum extract [silymarin] on U.V. irradiated guinea pig skin

Regarding to the skin damages caused by the ultraviolet ray of sun and the need for protective materials against these mal effects, Silymarin was evaluated for the porpose. In this study, by histopathology studies and surveying the clinical symptoms the external use of an herbaceous [herbal] substance, Silymarin, in protecting the mal effects of ultraviolet ray has been evaluated. For the study 60 albino hamsters with same age and gender has been selected and they divided in two groups [each group 30 hamsters] randomly. The hair on the back of all animals shaved in an area about 2 square centimeters. The first group gets 9 miligram Silymarin with 20 micro liter acetone topically, and the second group gets only 20 micro liter acetone topically. Then both groups for 45 days exposed to ultra violet ray, 180 milijoule/cm[2] each day. The results of clinical and histopathologic surveys show that topical usage of Silymarin has considerable protective effects against the mal effects of ultra violet ray on skin and this can be a promise for using this herbaceous substance as a topical sun protects substance

Effect of heroin used in Iran on fertility in mice [Balb/c]

Heroin as opium is being used in two pure and impure forms with known disastrous effects on different body organs including genital system. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in testosterone secretion, the percentage of fertility, changes of the body and testis weight, and gonado somatic index in mice [Ballb/c]. A total of 90 adult male and female mice were selected and male mice were assigned into three control and two experimental groups. Different experimental groups of heroin-dependant mice [50 mg/kg IP for 3 days, twice daily], were divided into two groups. One of which received heroin 5 mg/kg IP and the other 5 mg/ml IP twice daily for a period of 40 days. Then the serum of 24 male mice was studied. After copulation of the male and female mice, the rate of infertility was estimated and the proportion of body and testis weight and gonado somatic index in tested groups was determined. Serum testosterone showed insignificant difference between the control groups, however, its level did differ significantly between the control and experimental groups [p<0.05]. Meanwhile, fertility rate did not differ between the control groups, but showed a significant difference between the control and the experimental groups [p<0.05]. Body and testis weight differed significantly between the control and the experimental groups [p<0.05]. Heroin may reduce the testosterone level and testis weight, while it is associated with infertility

Determination of hydroxyproline as measure of collagen content in meat product by colorimetric method

To determine hydroxyproline and connectivetissue in heated meat products [dry sausage momtaze] marketed in Tehran in order to determination of proteinquality in this Product. Cross- Sectional. 60 samples from dry sausage [Momtaze]. In this survey 60 samples of dry sausage [Momtaze] contain meat more than 70ko[3]/41 produced by12 factories, selected Via haphazardly sampling and thehydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/ crude proteincontents were analyzed in allsamplesbyspectrophotometric method . Meansand standard errors ofhydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/ crude protein weredetermined and then analyzed by one-way analysis ofvariance method. This survey showed that means ofhydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/crud protein inl00gr dry sausage [Momtaze] produced by 12 factories,were in order: 0.18 0. +/- 01,1.42 +/- 0.04 and 9.74 +/- 0.3respectively. There were not significant differencesbetween them. Chemical procedures such as histologicalprocedures have high accuracy and suggested that itshould be used for control quality in practice to determineconnective tissue content and to detect adulteration such asun permitted tissues in heated meat products in order tostandardize heated meat products

[Effects of water chiller on bacterial quality of poultry carcasses in industrial slaughterhouses of Tehran and Gilan provinces]

Objective: to study the effects of water chiller on microbiological quality of poultry carcasses before and after chilling process in 11 slaughter houses of Tehran and Gilan provinces

Samples: seventy five poultry carcasses were collected from 11 industrial slaughterhouses of Tehran and Gilan provinces

Method: Fifty-one poultry carcasses were from 9 industrial slaughter houses of Tehran province and 24 poultry carcasses from 2 industrial slaughterhouses of Gilan province, before and after chilling process, were collected and analyzed bacteriologically according to American Public Health Association method. The free chlorine content and temperature of water for every chiller was also measured

Results: coliform total count of poultry carcasses which collected after chilling process showed higher load than before chilling in Tehran. Paired-samples T test indicated significant difference [P<0.05]. One of 51 carcasses which were collected after chilling process in Tehran, and all the carcasses collected in Gilan, before and after chilling process, were E. Coli positive. The isolated serotypes were 0119:B14,0128:K67,078:K80, 02:Kl and H7. One of 5 1 poultry carcasses of Tehran province, after chilling, was Salmonella entritidis positive. Free chlorine content of water in 8 slaughter houses, located in Tehran province, was not measurable. Therefore, it was measured in water of one of the slaughterhouses in Tehran and 2 slaughter houses of Gilan which were 0.5, 1 ppm and 0.1 ppm respectively. The mean temperatures standard error of water in chillers of the slaughterhouses of Gilan were 6.1 +/- 1.4 and 6.5 +/-0.7 degree respectively

Concluded: according to the results, water chillers may be consider as a risk of bacterial contamination of pultery carcasses. Therefor hygienic quality control of them is very important

[Effects of clove oil [Eugenia caryophyllata] anesthesia on haematological parameters, certain serum enzymes and some tissues in common carp [Cyprinus carpio]]

Objectives: side effects of 100 and 200ppm clove oil, were studied on some haematological parameters, serum enzymes and brain, liver, kidney, spleen and gill of common carp [Cyprinus carpio]

Animals: common carp [Cyprinus carpio]

Procedure: anaesthesia in common carp was induced by 100 and 200ppm clove oil under acceptable water quality conditions at 20+/-2 degree c and hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathology of hematopoietic tissues [kidney and spleen], liver, brain and gills were studied

Statistical analysis: SPSS and SX software one way ANOVA and student t-test

Results: no significant differences were found in levels of WBC, RBC, haematocrit, haemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, alanintransarninase [ALT], aspartatetransaminase [AST], alkalinphosphatase [ALP] and lactatedehydrogenase [LDH] between the anaesthetized fish and control groups [0.3>P>0.1]. Also, there was not any histological abnormality observable in liver, kidney, spleen and gills of anaesthetized groups. However, only hyperemia was seen in brain of both groups

Conclusion: according to the results administration of clove oil, up to 200ppm in aquaculture is safe and recommended